About Us
The primary focus of our section is to understand the formation and evolution of the various planetary bodies of our solar system using data from planetary remote sensing missions of ISRO, other space agencies, and ground-based observations. Currently, we are studying the Moon using data from Chandrayaan-1, 2 & 3 (ISRO), Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO, NASA), Kaguya (JAXA), and telescopic observations from PRL’s Mt. Abu observatory. Intricacies of the Red Planet, Mars, are being unfolded utilizing data from Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM, ISRO), Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO, NASA), Mars Global Surveyor (MGS, NASA), Mars Express (ESA), and Mars Odyssey (NASA). Specifically, our motivation is to understand planetary processes, viz. impact cratering, volcanism, tectonism, space weathering, glacial, fluvial, hydrogeology, and mass wasting by studying topography, geomorphology, mineralogy/lithology, subsurface structures, and crater chronology. Besides these planetary bodies, the studies have implications for our understanding of the Earth, for which most of the evidences from its geological past are lost due to its dynamic nature.
We are also involved in landing site characterization for future in-situ and sample return missions of ISRO (Chandrayaan-4, ISRO-JAXA LuPEX, Mars Landing Mission). We have developed a state-of-the-art laboratory for reflectance spectroscopy of planetary materials and their terrestrial analogs under simulated conditions to support the satellite-based observations. These studies play a vital role in payload characterization and assist in analyzing data from future planetary missions as well as ground-based observations.
We are also actively looking for students, who are highly motivated towards Planetary Sciences, to join our team. For queries, please contact the PRSS team.
Facilities
Data Analysis
Detailed analysis of Planetary Remote Sensing Datasets from various missions and interpretation of results.
Planetary Remote Sensing Laboratory
Reflectance Spectroscopy of Planetary Materials and their Terrestrial Analogues in the spectral range (350-2500 nm) under simulated conditions.
Terrestrial Analogues
Field investigation of gullies, gully fans, levees, and other debris-flow deposits in Ladakh Himalaya to understand the past and recent water flow activity on Mars. These features in Ladakh are a potential Martian analogue.
Scientific Highlights


Faculty

Dr. Neeraj Srivastava
Associate Professor & HeadTelephone : +91-79-26314416

Dr. Vijayan S
Associate ProfessorTelephone: +91-79-26314417

Dr. Rishitosh Kumar Sinha
Scientist/Engineer SETelephone: +91-79-26314417

Dr. Megha U. Bhatt
Assistant ProfessorTelephone: +91-79-26314535

Mr. Abhishek Jeetlal Verma
Scientist/Engineer SD (PIDS/PRSS)Telephone: +91-79-26314930
Postdocs and Students
Dr. Anil Chavan
Post Doctoral FellowMentor: Dr. Vijayan S
Dr. Subhadyouti Bose
Post Doctoral FellowMentor: Dr. Neeraj Srivastava

Ms. Neha Panwar
Senior Research FellowGuide: Dr. Neeraj Srivastava

Ms. Kimi Khungree Basumatary
Senior Research FellowGuide: Dr. Vijayan S
Mr. Dibyendu Misra
Senior Research FellowGuide: Dr. Megha U Bhatt

Ms. Sachana A. S.
Senior Research FellowGuide: Dr. Megha U Bhatt

Ms. Tvisha R. Kapadia
Junior Research FellowGuide: Dr. Neeraj Srivastava
Publications
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1. Kimi K.B., Harish, Sharini, K.S., Anil Chavan, and Vijayan S. (2024). Deformation of the Gruithuisen region lava tube under compressional stress on the Moon, Geology, In Press https://doi.org/10.1130/G52143.1
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2. Narendranath S., Pillai N.S., Bhatt M., Vadodariya K., Vatedka R., Tadepalli S. P., Sarwade A. Tyagi A., Sharan V. (2024). Lunar elemental abundances as derived from Chandrayaan-2, Icarus, 410, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115898
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3. Panwar, N. & Srivastava, N. (2024). Scaliger Crater Region on the Moon: Implications for the Australe North Basin and magmatism in the region, Icarus, 408, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115841
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4. S. Sathyan, M. Bhatt, M. Chowdhury, P. Glaser, D. Misra, Srivastava, N., S. Narendranath, K.S. Sajinkumar, Bhardwaj, A. (2024). Potential landing sites characterization on lunar South Pole: De-Gerlache to Shackleton ridge region, Icarus, 412, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2024.115988
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5. Bhatt M., Wöhler C., Rogall J., Aravind K., Ganesh S., Bhardwaj A. (2023). Unique regolith characteristics of the lunar swirl Reiner Gamma as revealed by imaging polarimetry at large phase angles. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 674, A82, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245356
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6. Durga Prasad K., D. Misra, Amitabh, M. Bhatt, Ambily G., S. Sathyan, Neeraj Srivastava, A. Bhardwaj (2023). Chandrayaan-3 Alternate Landing Site: Pre-Landing Characterization, Current Science
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7. Durga Prasad, K., Bhatt, M., Amitabh, Ambili, G., Sathyan, S., Misra, D., Srivastava, N., Bhardwaj, A. (2023). Contextual characterization study of Chandrayaan-3 primary landing site, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 526, 1, Pages L116–L123, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slad106
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8. Harish, Kimi K.B., Tuhi, S., Baliyan, S., Mangold, N., El-Maarry, M.R., Vijayan S., (2023). Shallow subsurface basalt layer along Cerberus Fossae, Mars: Insights from SHARAD, HiRISE, and CRISM analysis, Icarus, Vol.391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115343
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9. Hess M, Wöhler C, Qiao L, Bhatt M. (2023). Comparative photometric analysis of the Reiner Gamma swirl and Chang’e 5 landing site. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 674, A226, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202346098
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10. Kakkassery, A.I., Rajesh, V.J., Sinha, R.K., Padmakumar, D. and Sajinkumar, K.S. (2023). Evolutionary history of western Eos Chaos of Valles Marineris, Mars: Insights from morphological characteristics. Geosystems and Geoenvironment, 2(4), p.100207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geogeo.2023.100207
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11. Kimi K.B., Harish, Vijayan S. (2023). Mare filled craters on the Moon, Icarus, Vol. 390(15), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115298
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12. Panwar, N., Srivastava, N., M. Bhatt, A. Bhardwaj (2023). Compositional diversity in the Mare Marginis and Mare Smythii: An insight into the volcanism in the region, Icarus, 395, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115496
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13. Sinha, R. K., & Ray, D. (2023). Morphological changes currently occurring in sand-filled gully channels on Mars: Implications for the role of substrates inside channels. Icarus, 390, 115334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115334
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14. Sinha, R. K., Rani, A., Ruj, T., & Bhardwaj, A. (2023). Geologic investigation of lobate scarps in the vicinity of Chandrayaan-3 landing site in the southern high latitudes of the Moon. Icarus, 402, 115636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115636
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15. Srivastava, Y., Kumar, A., Basu Sarbadhikari, A., Ray, D., Nair, V.M., Das, A., Shukla, A.D., Sathiyaseelan, S., Ramachandran, R., Sivaraman, B., Vijayan S., Panwar, N., Verma, A.J., Srivastava, N., Rani, A., Arora, G., Mahajan, R.R., and A. Bhardwaj (2023). The Diyodar meteorite: A new fall in India, Current Science, Vol. 124(2)
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16. Y. Srivastava, A. Kumar, A. B. Sarbadhikari, D. Ray, V. M. Nair, A. Das, A. D. Shukla, S. Sathiyaseelan, R. Ramachandran, B. Sivaraman, S. Vijayan, N. Panwar, A. J. Verma, Srivastava, N., A. Rani, G. Arora, R. R. Mahajan, A. Bhardwaj (2023). The Diyodar meteorite fall in India, Current Science, Vol 124
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17. Sharma, Ravi and Srivastava, N. (2022). Detection and classification of potential caves on the flank of Elysium Mons, Mars, Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 22, 6, 2022, doi: 10.1088/1674-4527/ac684f
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18. Singh, D., Sinha, R.K., Singh, P., Roy, N., Mukherjee, S. (2022). Astrobiological potential of Fe/Mg smectites with special emphasis on Jezero crater, Mars 2020 landing site. Astrobiology, 22(5), https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2021.0013
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19. Singh, S.V., Dilip, H., Meka, J.K., Thiruvenkatam, V., Jayaram, V., Muruganantham, M., Sivaprahasam, V., Rajasekhar, B.N., Bhardwaj, A., Mason, N.J. and Burchell, M.J., (2022). New signatures of bio-molecular complexity in the hypervelocity impact ejecta of icy moon analogues. Life, 12(4), p.508, https://doi.org/10.3390/life12040508
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20. Singh, S.V., Vishakantaiah, J., Meka, J.K., Muruganantham, M., Thiruvenkatam, V., Sivaprahasam, V., Rajasekhar, B.N., Bhardwaj, A., Mason, N.J., Sivaraman, B. and Pollack, J.B., (2022). Three-dimensional complex architectures observed in shock processed amino acid mixtures. Experimental Results, 3, p.e8, https://doi.org/10.1017/exp.2021.17
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21. Singh, T., Srivastava, N., Bhatt, M., Bhardwaj, Anil (2022). Geology of the Crüger - Sirsalis Basin: Evidence for prolonged volcanism in the southwestern near side of the Moon. Icarus, 376, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114875
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22. Sinha, R. K., Ray, D., Haas, T. D., Conway, S. J., & Noblet, A. (2022). Morphologic and Morphometric Differences between Gullies Formed in Different Substrates on Mars: New Insights into the Gully Formation Processes. Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-713-2023
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23. Tuhi, S., Harish, Kimi, K. B., Vigneshwaran, K., Sharini, K. S., Priya, R. K. S., Vijayan S., (2022). Ma'adim Vallis, Mars: Insights into episodic and late-stage water activity from an impact crater, Icarus, Vol. 387 (15), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115214
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24. Vijayan, S., Harish, K. B. Kimi, Tuhi, S., Vigneshwaran, K., Sinha, R. K., Conway, S. J., Sivaraman, B., and Bhardwaj, A. (2022). Boulder fall ejecta: Present day activity on Mars. Geophysical Research Letters 49(1), e2021GL096808 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096808
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25. Bharti, Rajiv R., Smith, I.B., Mishra, S.K., Srivastava, N., Shukla, S. H. (2021). SHARAD detection of sedimentary infilling within an unnamed crater near Mangala Fossa region, Mars, Icarus, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114713
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26. Changela, H. G., Chatzitheodoridis, E., Antunes, A., Beaty, D., Bouw, K., Bridges, J. C., …..Sinha R.K., ... & Hallsworth, J. E. (2021). Mars: new insights and unresolved questions. International Journal of Astrobiology, 20(6), 394-426, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1473550421000276
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27. Harish, Vijayan, S. and Mangold, N., (2021). Evidence for fluvial and glacial activities within impact craters that excavated into a Noachian volcanic dome on Mars. Icarus, 361, p.114397, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114397
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28. Pillai N. S., Narendranath S., Vadodariya K., Tadepalli S. P., Radhakrishna V., Tyagi A., Yadav R., Singha B., Sharana V., Athiray P. S., Sreekumar P., Sankarasubramanian K., Bhatt M., Sarbadhikari A. B., Mithun N. P. S. and Vadawale, S. (2021). Chandrayaan-2 Large Area Soft X-ray Spectrometer (CLASS): Calibration, In-flight performance and first results. Icarus, 114436, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114436
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29. Rani, A., Basu Sarbadhikari, A., Sinha, R.K., Karunatillake, S., Komatsu, G., & Bates, A. (2021). Evidence of Regionally Distributed Tectono‐Volcanism in a Floor Fractured Crater of North‐Central Arabia Terra, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 126(11), https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JE006748
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30. Sinha, R.K. and Ray, D. (2021). Extensive glaciation in the Erebus Montes region of Mars. Icarus, p.114557, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114557
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31. Surendra, V.S., Jayaram, V., Muruganantham, M., Vijay, T., Vijayan, S., Samarth, P., Hill, H., Bhardwaj, A., Mason, N.J. and Sivaraman, B., (2021). Complex structures synthesized in shock processing of nucleobases–implications to the origins of life. International Journal of Astrobiology, 20(4), pp.285-293, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1473550421000136
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32. Harish, Vijayan, S., (2020). Craters in the vicinity of Valles Marineris region, Mars: Chronological implications to the graben and pits activities. Icarus, 343, p.113704, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113704
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33. Harish, Vijayan, S., Mangold, N. and Bhardwaj, A., (2020). Water‐Ice Exposing Scarps Within the Northern Midlatitude Craters on Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(14), p.e2020GL089057, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089057
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34. Hess M., Wöhler C., Bhatt M., Berezhnoy A. A., Grumpe A., Wohlfarth K., Bhardwaj A., and Shevchenko V. V. (2020). Processes governing the VIS/NIR spectral reflectance behavior of lunar swirls. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 639, A12, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937299
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35. Shivakarthik, E., Meka, J.K., Surendra, V.S., Rahul, K.K., Thombre, R., Hill, H., Vijayan, S. and Sivaraman, B., (2020). Sticking dust and micrometeorite particles on to ices at high impact velocities-Implications for astrochemical ice enrichment. Planetary and Space Science, 190, p.104972, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2020.104972
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36. Singh, S.V., Vishakantaiah, J., Meka, J.K., Sivaprahasam, V., Chandrasekaran, V., Thombre, R., Thiruvenkatam, V., Mallya, A., Rajasekhar, B.N., Muruganantham, M. and Datey, A., (2020). Shock processing of amino acids leading to complex structures—implications to the origin of life. Molecules, 25(23), p.5634, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235634
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37. Singh, T. and Srivastava, N. (2020). Geology of Grimaldi Basin on the Moon: Evidence for volcanism and tectonism during the Copernican period, Icarus, 351, 113921, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113921
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38. Sinha, R., Vijayan, S., Bhatt, M., Harish, Kumari, N., Srivastava, N., Indhu, V., Ray, D., Woehler, C., Bhardwaj, A. (2020). Geological characterization of Chandrayan-2 landing site in the southern high latitudes of the Moon, Icarus, 337, 113449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113449
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39. Sinha, R.K., Rani, A., Conway, S.J., Vijayan, S., Basu Sarbadhikari, A., Massé, M., Mangold, N. and Bhardwaj, A. (2020). Boulder fall activity in the Jezero crater, Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(23), https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL
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40. Sinha, R.K., Ray, D., De Haas, T. and Conway, S.J. (2020). Global documentation of overlapping lobate deposits in Martian gullies. Icarus, 352, p.113979, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113979
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41. Sinha, R.K., Sivaprahasam, V., Bhatt, M., Kumari, N., Srivastava, N., Varatharajan, I., Ray, D., Wöhler, C. and Bhardwaj, A. (2020). Geological characterization of Chandrayaan-2 landing site in the southern high latitudes of the Moon. Icarus, 337, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2019.
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42. Vijayan, S., Sinha, R.K., & Anilkumar, R. (2020). Evidence for multiple superposed fluvial deposits within Reuyl crater, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 125(3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JE006136
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43. Bhatt, M., Wöhler, C., Grumpe, A., Hasebe, N., Naito, M. (2019). Global mapping of lunar refractory elements: multivariate regression vs. machine learning, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 627, A155. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935773
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44. Kim, K.J., Wöhler C., Berezhnoy A. A., Bhatt M., Grumpe A., (2019). Prospective 3He-rich landing sites on the Moon, Planetary and Space Science, 177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2019.07.001
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45. Naito M., Hasebe N., Nagaoka H., Wöhler C., Berezhnoy A. A., Bhatt M., Kim, K. J., (2019). “Potassium and Thorium Abundances at the South Pole-Aitken Basin Obtained by the Kaguya Gamma-Ray Spectrometer”, Journal of Geophysical Research:Planets, 124. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JE005935
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46. Sharma, R., Srivastava, N., and Yadav, S.K. (2019). Resource potential and planning for exploration of the Hebrus Valles, Mars, Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (RAA), 19, 8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674–4527/19/8/116
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47. Sinha, R.K., Vijayan, S., Shukla, A.D., Das, P. and Bhattacharya, F. (2019). Gullies and debris-flows in Ladakh Himalaya, India: a potential Martian analogue. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 467(1), 315-342. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP467.9
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48. Thombre, Rebecca S., E. Shivakarthik, Bhalamurugan Sivaraman, Parag A. Vaishampayan, Arman Seuylemezian, J.K. Meka, Vijayan S., P.P. Kulkarni, T. Pataskar, and B.S. Patil (2019). Survival of Extremotolerant Bacteria from the Mukundpura Meteorite Impact Crater, Astrobiology, Vol. 19, No. 6. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2018.1928
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49. Wöhler, C., Grumpe A., Bhatt M., Berezhnoy A. A., Shevchenko V. V. and Bhardwaj A., (2019). Detection of an excessively strong 3µm absorption near the lunar highland crater Dufay, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 630, L7. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935927
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50. Sinha, R. K. and Vijayan S. (2017). Geomorphic investigation of craters in Alba Mons, Mars: Implications for Late Amazonian glacial activity in the region. Planetary and Space Science, 144, 32-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2017.05.014
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51. Sinha, R. K., Vijayan, S., and Bharti, R. R. (2017). Study of ice-related flow features around Tanaica Montes, Mars: Implications for Late Amazonian debris-covered glaciation, Icarus 297, 217-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2017.07.002
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52. Vijayan S. and Sinha, R.K. (2017). Amazonian fluvial outflow channels in Jovis Tholus region, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 120. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JE005237
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53. Vijayan S., (2017). Regolith thickness: Estimation from FeO+TiO2 variation model, Encyclopedia of Lunar Science, Springer, Editor: Brian Cudnik, ISBN: 978-3-319-05546-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05546-6_42-1
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54. Sinha R.K., Vijayan, S. and Bharti, R.B., (2016). Terrestrial rock glaciers: a potential analog for Martian lobate flow features (LFF). In SPIE Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing (pp. 98770K-98770K). International Society for Optics and Photonics. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2223675
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55. Srivastava, N., and Indhu, V. (2016). Geomorphology of Lowell crater region on the Moon. Icarus, 266, 44–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.013
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56. Chauhan, P., Kaur, P., Srivastava, N., Sinha, R. K., Jain, N., & Murty, S. V. S. (2015). Hyperspectral remote sensing of planetary surfaces: an insight into composition of inner planets and small bodies in the solar system. Current Science, 108(5), 915. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs%2Fv108%2Fi5%2F915-924
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57. Chauhan, P., Kaur, P., Srivastava, N., Sinha, R., Jain, N., Murty, S.V.S. (2015). Hyper-spectral remote sensing of planetary surfaces: an insight into composition of inner planets and small bodies in the solar system, Current Science, 108, 5, 1041-1046.
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58. Jain, S. K., Sinha, R. K., Chaudhary, A., & Shukla, S. (2015). Expansion of a glacial lake, Tsho Chubda, Chamkhar Chu Basin, Hindukush Himalaya, Bhutan. Natural Hazards, 75(2), 1451-1464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1377-z
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59. Sinha, R. K., & Murty, S.V.S. (2015). Amazonian modification of Moreux crater: Record of recent and episodic glaciation in the Protonilus Mensae region of Mars. Icarus, 245, 122-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.09.028
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60. Vijayan, S., Mohan, S. and Murty, S.V.S., (2015). Lunar regolith thickness estimation using dual frequency microwave brightness temperature and influence of vertical variation of FeO+ TiO2. Planetary and Space Science, 105, pp.123-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2014.11.017
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61. Bhandari, N. and Srivastava, N., (2014). Active moon: evidences from Chandrayaan-1 and the proposed Indian missions, Geoscience letters 2014, 1:11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-014-0011-y
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62. Gupta, R. P., Srivastava, N., Tiwari, R. K. (2014). Evidences for relatively new volcanic flows on the Moon, Current Science, 107, 3, 454-460.
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63. Varatharajan, I., Srivastava, N., and Murty, S.V.S. (2014). Mineralogy of young lunar mare basalts: Assessment of temporal and spatial heterogeneity using M3 data from Chandrayaan-1, Icarus, 236, 56–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.03.045
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64. Gupta, R.P., Tiwari, R.K., Saini, V. and Srivastava, N., (2013). A simplified approach for interpreting principal component images, Advances in Remote Sensing, Vol. 2 No. 2, 2013, pp. 111-119. https://doi.org/10.4236/ars.2013.22015
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65. Sinha, R. K., & Murty, S.V.S. (2013). Evidence of extensive glaciation in Deuteronilus Mensae, Mars: Inferences towards multiple glacial events in the past epochs. Planetary and Space Science, 86, 10-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2013.09.002
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66. Sinha, R. K., & Murty, S.V.S. (2013). Geomorphic signatures of glacial activity in the Alba Patera volcanic province: Implications for recent frost accumulation on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 118(8), 1609-1631. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgre.20113
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67. Srivastava, N., D. Kumar, R. P. Gupta (2013). Young viscous flows in the Lowell crater of Orientale basin, Moon: Impact melts or volcanic eruptions? Planetary and Space Science, 87, 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2013.09.001
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68. Chauhan, P. Kaur, Srivastava, N., S. Bhattacharya, Ajai, A.S. Kiran Kumar and J.N. Goswami (2012). Compositional and Morphological analysis of high resolution remote sensing data over central peak of Tycho crater on the Moon: Implications for understanding lunar interior. Current Science., 102, 7, 1041-1046.
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69. Srivastava, N. (2008). Titanium Estimates of the Central Peaks of Lunar Craters: Implications for Sub-Surface Lithology of Moon, Adv. Space Res., 42/2, 281-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.001
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