Research Interests:

Majority of the stars form in groups or clusters. Star formation and subsequent evolution of stars in a clustered enviornment is a complex physical processes involving gravity, turbulence, magnetic field, stellar feedback and stellar as well as gas dyanmics. Over the years with the continious advancement in both the computational as well as observational facilities, theoretical modelling as well as observational findings are continuisouly evolving, thereby pogressively refining our understanding on star formation and disk as well as young stellar evolution. Below, I have listed my key reserach interests in the aforementioned research domain and also listed a few review articles/report that I often visit to understand this domain of reserach.

Star and Star-Cluster Formation:

Credit: Rawat, Samal et al. 2024

Review Articles

  • Theory of Star Formation McKee C.~F., Ostriker E.~C., 2007, ARAA, 45, 565.
  • Star Formation in the Milky Way and Nearby Galaxies Kennicutt R.~C., Evans N.~J., 2012, ARAA, 50, 531.
  • The Star Formation Rate of Molecular Clouds Padoan P., Federrath C., Chabrier G., et al., 2014, prpl.conf, 77..
  • The Big Problems in Star Formation Krumholz M.~R., 2014, PhR, 539, 49.
  • Filamentary Networks: Toward a New Paradigm for Star Formation Andre P., Di Francesco J., Ward-Thompson D, et al., 2014, prpl.conf, 27
  • Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium Klessen R.~S., Glover S.~C.~O., 2016, SAAS, 43, 85
  • High-Mass Star and Massive Cluster Formation in the Milky Way Motte F., Bontemps S., Louvet F., 2018, ARAA, 56, 41.
  • Global hierarchical collapse in molecular clouds. Towards a comprehensive scenario Vazquez-Semadeni E., Palau A., Ballesteros-Paredes J., 2019, MNRAS, 490, 3061
  • Review of Zeeman Effect Observations of Regions of Star Formation Crutcher R.~M., Kemball A.~J., 2019, FrASS, 6, 66.
  • The role of magnetic field in molecular cloud formation and evolution Hennebelle P., Inutsuka S.-. ichiro ., 2019, FrASS, 6, 5.
  • The Role of Magnetic Fields in Setting the SFR & IMF Krumholz M.~R., Federrath C., 2019, FrASS, 6, 7.
  • Submillimeter and Far-infrared Polarimetric Observations of Magnetic Fields in Star-Forming Regions Pattle K., Fissel L., 2019, FrASS, 6, 15
  • Interferometric observations of magnetic fields in forming stars Hull C.~L.~H., Zhang Q., 2019, FrASS, 6, 3
  • Physical Processes in Star Formation Girichidis P., Offner S.~S.~R., Kritsuk A.~G., et al., 2020, SSRv, 216, 68
  • Zooming in on Individual Star Formation: Low- and High-mass Stars Rosen A.~L., Offner S.~S.~R., Sadavoy S.~I., et al., 2020, SSRv, 216, 62.
  • The Physics of Star Cluster Formation and Evolution Krause M.~G.~H., Offner S.~S.~R., Charbonnel C., et al., 2020, SSRv, 216, 64.
  • From diffuse gas to dense molecular cloud cores Ballesteros-Paredes J., Andre P., Hennebelle P., et al., 2020, SSRv, 216, 64.
  • Low Mass Stars as Tracers of Star and Cluster Formation Megeath S.~T., Gutermuth R.~A., Kounkel M.~A., 2022, PASP, 134, 042001.
  • Magnetic field properties in star formation: A review of their analysis methods and interpretation Liu J., Zhang Q., Qiu K., 2022, FrASS, 9, 943556.
  • Initial Conditions for Star Formation: a Physical Description of the Filamentary ISM Hacar A., Clark S.~E., Heitsch F., et al., 2023, ASPC, 534, 153.
  • Insights into the first and second hydrostatic core stages Young A.~K., 2023, FrASS, 10, 1288730
  • The First Stars: Formation, Properties, and Impact Klessen R.~S., Glover S.~C.~O., 2023, AARA, 61, 65.
  • The Physical Origin of the Stellar Initial Mass Function Hennebelle P., Grudi'c M.~Y., 2024, ARA&A, 62, 63.
  • The initial mass function of stars Kroupa P., Gjergo E., Jerabkova T., Yan Z., 2024, arXiv, arXiv:2410.07311.
  • Molecular Gas and the Star Formation Process on Cloud Scales in Nearby Galaxies Schinnerer E., Leroy A.~K., 2024, ARA&A, 62, 369
  • Star Formation Kuruwita R., Tychoniec {\L}., Federrath C., 2024, arXiv:2409.03371.
  • Star Formation from Low to High Mass: A Comparative View Beuther et al., 2025, arXiv:2501.16866


  • Star Clusters: Evolution, Disruption, and Initial Mass Function

    Credit: ESO/VLT/P. Espinoza

    Review Articles

  • Embedded Clusters in Molecular Clouds Lada E.~A., 2003, ARA&A, 41, 57.
  • Embedded Clusters in Molecular Clouds Lada E.~A., 2003, ARA&A, 41, 57.
  • Star cluster disruption Gieles M., 2010, IAUS, 266, 69.
  • Tidal tails of open clusters Gieles M., 2010, IAUS, 266, 69.
  • Multiple populations in globular clusters. Lessons learned from the Milky Way globular clusters Gratton R.~G., Carretta E., Bragaglia A., 2012, A&ARv, 20, 5
  • Globular Cluster Formation and Evolution in the Context of Cosmological Galaxy Assembly Forbes D.~A., Bastian N., Gieles M., Crain R.~A. et al., 2018, RSPSA, 474, 20170616.
  • Formation of Very Young Massive Clusters and Implications for Globular Clusters Banerjee S., Kroupa P., 2018, ASSL, 424, 143
  • Star Clusters Across Cosmic Time Krumholz M.~R., McKee C.~F., Bland-Hawthorn J., 2019, ARA&A, 57, 227.
  • Star Clusters Near and Far; Tracing Star Formation Across Cosmic Time Adamo A., Zeidler P., Kruijssen J.~M. et al., 2020, SSRv, 216, 69
  • What is a globular cluster? An observational perspective Gratton R., Bragaglia A., Carretta E., 2019, A\&ARv, 27, 8
  • Multiple populations in massive star clusters under the magnifying glass of photometry: theory and tools Cassisi S., Salaris M., 2020, A&ARv, 28, 5.
  • Star clusters in evolving galaxies Renaud F., 2018, NewAR, 81, 1
  • Formation of Stellar Streams Due to the Decay of Star Clusters, OB Associations, and Galaxy Satellites Tutukov A.~V., Sizova M.~D., Vereshchagin S.~V., 2020, ARep, 64, 827.
  • Dating the internal dynamical evolution of star clusters with Blue Straggler StarsFrancesco et al. 2020
  • Nuclear star clustersNeumayer N., Seth A., B{\"o}ker T., 2020, A&ARv, 28, 4.
  • Globular Cluster Systems and Galaxy FormationBeasley M.~A., 2020, rfma.book, 245.
  • Multiple Populations in Star ClustersMilone A.~P., Marino A.~F., 2022, Univ, 8, 359.
  • The Solar Neighborhood in the Age of Gaia Zucker C., Alves J., Goodman A., Meingast S., Galli P., 2023, ASPC, 534, 43
  • > How Gaia sheds light on the Milky Way star cluster populationCantat-Gaudin T., Casamiquela L., 2024, NewAR, 99,
  • > Stellar Streams in the Gaia Era Bonaca, A. \& Price-Whelan, A.~M.\ 2024, arXiv:2405.19410.
  • >Blue straggler stars Wang C., Ryu T., 2024, arXiv, arXiv:2410.10314


  • Proto and pre-main-sequence stars: Properties, Jets and Outflows

    Credit: Credits: ESO/VLT/ISAAC/M. McCaughrean

    Review Articles

  • Bipolar Molecular Outflows from Young Stars and Protostars Bachiller R., 1996, ARA\&A, 34, 111..
  • Theory of bipolar outflows from high-mass young stellar objects K"onigl A., 1999, NewAR, 43, 67.
  • Disk Winds, Jets, and Outflows: Theoretical and Computational Foundations Pudritz R.~E., Ouyed R., Fendt C., Brandenburg A., 2007, prpl.conf, 277
  • Stellar Properties of Embedded Protostars White R.~J., Greene T.~P., Doppmann G.~W., et al. 2007, prpl.conf, 117.
  • The Evolution of Protostars: Insights from Ten Years of Infrared Surveys with Spitzer and Herschel Dunham M.~M., Stutz A.~M., Allen L.~E., et al., 2014, prpl.conf, 195.
  • Jets and Outflows From Star to Cloud: Observations Confront Theory Frank A., Ray T.~P., Cabrit S., et al., 2014, prpl.conf, 451
  • Protostellar Outflows Bally J., 2016, ARAA, 54, 491..
  • Radio jets from young stellar objects Anglada G., et al., 2018, AARv, 26, 3
  • Molecular jets from low-mass young protostellar objects Lee C.-F., 2020, AARv, 28, 1.
  • On the Mass Accretion Rates of Herbig Ae/Be Stars. Magnetospheric Accretion or Boundary Layer? Mendiguta I., 2020, Galax, 8, 39.
  • https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.01165 Brittain S.~D., Kamp I., Meeus G,, et al. 2023, SSRv, 219, 7.
  • Jets from Young Stars Ray T.~P., Ferreira J., 2021, NewAR, 93, 101615.
  • Pre main sequence: Accretion & Outflows Schneider P.~C., Gunther H.~M., Ustamujic S., 2022, hxga.book, 57.
  • The Role of Magnetic Fields in the Formation of Protostars, Disks, and Outflows Tsukamoto Y., Maury A., Commercon B., et al., 2023, ASPC, 534, 317
  • An Observational View of Structure in Protostellar Systems Tobin J.~J., Sheehan P.~D., 2024, ARAA, 62, 203


  • Stellar Feedback: HII regions, Bubbles, and Induced Star Formation

    Credit: Credits: Gregory, Mert, and Scott Mitchell

    Review Articles

  • Sequential formation of subgroups in OB associations. Elmegreen B.~G., Lada C.~J., 1977, ApJ, 214, 725.
  • Observations and Theory of Dynamical Triggers for Star Formation Elmegreen B.~G., 1998, ASPC, 148, 150.
  • Understanding Our Origins: Star Formation in HII Region Environments Hester J.~J., Desch S.~J., 2005, ASPC, 341, 107
  • A gallery of bubbles and what ATLASGAL tells us about the surrounding neutral material Deharveng L., Schuller F., Anderson L.~D., et al., 2010, A&A, 523, A6.
  • Large-Scale Stellar Feedback and the Formation of the Molecular ISM Dawson J.~R., 2013, PASA, 30, e025.
  • The Birth Environment of the Solar System Adams F.~C., 2010, ARA\&A, 48, 47
  • Star Cluster Formation and Feedback Krumholz M.~R., Bate M.~R., Arce H.~G., et al., 2014, prpl.conf, 243.
  • FEEDBACK: a SOFIA Legacy Program to Study Stellar Feedback in Regions of Massive Star Formation Schneider N., Simon R., Guevara C., Buchbender C., et al., 2020, PASP, 132, 104301.
  • OB associations and their origins Wright N.~J., 2020, NewAR, 90, 101549.


  • Young Stars: Properties. Accretion, Variability

    Credit:Credit: Erkal et al. 2022

    Review Articles

  • Ages of Young Stars Soderblom D.~R., Hillenbrand L.~A., Jeffries R.~D., 2014, prpl.conf, 219
  • Theory of Disk Accretion onto Magnetic Stars D Lai EPJ Web of Conferences, 2014
  • Episodic Accretion in Young Stars Audard M., Abraham P., Dunham M.~M., 2014, prpl.conf, 219
  • Angular momentum evolution of young low-mass stars Bouvier J., Matt S.~P., Mohanty S., 2014, prpl.conf, 433
  • Clusters as Benchmarks for Measuring Fundamental Stellar Parameters Bell C.~P.~M., 2016, csss.conf, 102.
  • Accretion onto Pre-Main-Sequence Stars Hartmann L., Herczeg G., Calvet N., 2016, ARA\&A, 54.
  • Accretion Variability as a Guide to Stellar Mass Assembly Fischer W.~J., Hillenbrand L.~A., Herczeg G.~J., 2023, ASPC, 534, 355
  • Pre main sequence: Accretion & Outflows Schneider P.~C., Gunther H.~M., Ustamujic S., 2022, hxga.book, 57.
  • Demographics of young stars and their protoplanetary disks: Manara C.~F., Ansdell M., Rosotti G.~P., et al. 2023, ASPC, 534, 539.
  • The Solar Neighborhood in the Age of Gaia Zucker C., Alves J., Goodman A., Meingast S., Galli P., 2023, ASPC, 534, 43


  • Protoplanetary Disk and Planet Formation

    Credit:Credit: Wikipedia/ALMA

    Review Articles

  • The Inner Regions of Protoplanetary Disks Dullemond and Monnier ARAA, 2010
  • Protoplanetary Disks and Their Evolution Williams J.~P., Cieza L.~A., 2011, ARAA, 49, 67.
  • Circumstellar disks and planets. Science cases for next-generation telescopes Wolf S., Malbet F., Alexander R.,et al., 2024, arXiv, arXiv:2409.06342.
  • Dust Evolution in Protoplanetary Disks Testi L., Birnstiel T., Ricci L., et al., 2014, prpl.conf, 339. 
  • An Observational Perspective of Transitional Disks Espaillat C., Muzerolle J., Najita J., et al., 2014, prpl.conf, 497
  • Observations of Solids in Protoplanetary Disks Andrews S.~M., 2015, PASP, 127, 961
  • Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets Bowler B.~P., 2016, PASP, 128,
  • Accretion disks in luminous young stellar objects Beltr'an M.~T., de Wit W.~J., 2016, A&ARv, 24, 6.
  • The origin and evolution of transition discs: successes, problems and open questions JE Owen. PASA, 2016
  • The dispersal of planet-forming discs: theory confronts observations JB Ercolano, I Pascucci 2017, Royal Society Open Science
  • Observations of Protoplanetary Disk Structures Sean M. Andrews 2020, ARAA, 483
  • Formation and Evolution of Disks around Young Stellar Objects Zhao B., Tomida K., Hennebelle P.,, et al., 2020, SSRv, 216, 43
  • Magnetic fields from star-forming cores to protostellar disks Maury A., Hennebelle P., Girart J.~M., 2022, FrASS 9, 949223.
  • Planet Formation Theory in the Era of ALMA and Kepler: from Pebbles to Exoplanets Drkazkowska J., Bitsch B., et al., 2023, ASPC, 534, 501
  • Setting the Stage for Planet Formation: Measurements and Implications of the Fundamental Disk Properties Miotello A., Kamp I., Birnstiel T., 2023, ASPC, 534, 501
  • Protoplanetary Disk Chemistry Oberg K.~I., Facchini S., Anderson D.~E., 2023, ARAA, 61, 287
  • Dust evolution in protoplanetary disks van der Marel N., Pinilla P., 2023, arXiv, arXiv:2310.09077.
  • Structured Distributions of Gas and Solids in Protoplanetary Disks Bae J., Isella A., Zhu Z., et al. 2023, ASPC, 534,
  • Planet formation - observational constraints, physical processes and compositional patternsMordasini C., Burn R., 2024, RvMG, 90, 55.
  • Optical and Near-Infrared View of Planet-Forming Disks and Protoplanets M Benisty, C Dominik, K Follette, 2023, ASPC, 534, 539
  • Kinematic Structures in Planet-Forming Disks C Pinte, R Teague, K Flaherty 2023, ASPC, 534, 539
  • Planet-disk interaction and orbital evolution SJ Paardekooper, R Dong, P Duffell, et al. 2023, ASPC, 534, 539
  • Demographics of young stars and their protoplanetary disks: Manara C.~F., Ansdell M., Rosotti G.~P., et al. 2023, ASPC, 534, 539.
  • The Solar System: structural overview, origins and evolution Raymond S.~N., 2024, arXiv, arXiv:2404.14982
  • Organic Chemistry in the First Phases of Solar-Like ProtostarsC Ceccarelli, C Codella, N Balucani, et al. 2023, ASPC, 534, 539
  • Chemistry in Protoplanetary Disks Zhang K., 2024, RvMG, 90, 27
  • Protoplanetary disk chemistry and structure Merel van ’t Hoff and Jennifer B. Bergner, 2024, Encyclopedia of Astrophysics
  • Formation and evolution of a protoplanetary diskMorbidelli A., Marrocchi Y., Ahmad A.~A., ., et al., 2024, arXiv, arXiv:2409.06342
  • Planet Formation Mechanisms Chris Ormel, 2023, arXiv
  • A Tale of Planet Formation: From Dust to PlanetsBeibei Liu RAA, 2020
  • Dust Growth and Evolution in Protoplanetary DisksTilman Birnstiel 2024
  • The diverse chemistry of protoplanetary disks as revealed by JWST van Dishoeck E.~F., Grant S., Tabone B.,et al., 2023, FaDi, 245, 52.