Backend Electronics
The Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is p-HEMT or FET based multistage amplifier for providing sufficient gain to the IF signal coming from Schottky mixer with minimum noise added. The frequency band of interest of LNA depends on the IF and its bandwidth.
Test and Measurement Instruments
The PSA series spectrum analyzer from Agilent is used for signal analysis which has frequency range of 3 Hz to 13.2 GHz. There are some other instruments used for test and measurement in the laboratory like 200 MHz Tektronics make Digital Storage Oscilloscopes (DPO), 1 GHz Tektronics make Digital Phosphor Oscilloscope (DPO), 9 kHz to 2.2 GHz Rohde & Schwarz make signal generator and 300 kHz to 8 GHz Rohde & Schwarz make vector network analyzer.